Toolbox: Getting Started with your 3D Vision Camera

Toolbox: Getting Started with your 3D Vision Camera

Marie Bodet
2022-11-17

In this short beginner’s guide, we will focus on how to successfully use 3D vision in logistics, e-commerce, manufacturing, and automotive. Get tips for choosing the ideal 3D sensor for your application and start programming right away with concrete technical tools.

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Know your industry

To start enabling your 3D vision system, you first need to grasp the challenges of your industry and how 3D machine vision can solve them. Let’s dive into logistics, e-commerce, automotive, and manufacturing.

Logistics

Logistics is a high-paced real-time operation with multiple boxes, parcels, and packages moving quickly through logistics facilities. It is a very unpredictable situation with no prior knowledge of what will arrive and needs to be sorted and sent to its destination. These demands necessitate a highly adaptable and intelligent 3D vision camera that recognizes what it sees and fastens the process of differentiating between items.

Common items handled in logistics are cardboard boxes in different sizes and shapes. This could be difficult for your robot to pick a box if they are all different and tightly packed together. You need a high-quality 3D sensor to see the corners of the boxes accurately. Here is an example of a typical point cloud captured by a Zivid 3D camera:

3D vision point cloud logistics

Inspect more of our logistics point clouds and learn how Zivid’s 3D cameras can benefit your application in a material handling use case.

Manufacturing

The manufacturing industry is a playground for innovation. Companies are trying to make up for the shortage of skilled workers with various automated applications, from pick-and-place to inspection.

As you usually work with a broad range of parts, you will most likely come across some extremely small, difficult-to-grasp, or even light-absorbing items, making the task difficult for a vision system. In this context, high-level 3D vision is a necessity to meet customers’ expectations for cycle times and pickers per minute. At Zivid, being able to capture shiny metallic parts is one of our priorities. Here is an example of a typical point cloud captured by a Zivid 3D camera:

3D vision point cloud bin picking

Inspect more of our manufacturing point clouds and learn how Zivid’s 3D cameras can benefit your application in a typical bin-picking use case.

E-commerce

The e-Commerce industry has rapidly expanded over the past few years due to the surge of online shopping. Previously labor-intensive online retailers have now begun investing in automation to achieve high efficiency and ensure reliable throughput.

In a typical automated warehouse, your 3D camera will need to handle a wide range of random objects in different shapes, sizes, and colors. Plastic-wrapped items, in particular, are a real challenge. Here is an example of a point cloud of various items, including plastic ones, captured by a Zivid 3D camera:

3D point cloud objects ecommerce

Inspect more of our e-commerce point clouds and learn how Zivid’s 3D cameras can benefit your application in a use case with e-commerce giant DHL.

Automotive

The automotive industry has a history of early adoption of automation with robotics. However, there remain many complex operations that have continued to require human effort due to the high levels of accuracy needed and hard-to-predict variations in task demands.

Just like in manufacturing, it is most likely that you will encounter reflective metallic parts in various applications, which can be a headache. You need a 3D camera that can meet today’s demand for automating manufacturing processes, such as production, quality control, and pick and place. Here is an example of typical shiny parts used to build a car captured by a Zivid 3D camera:

3D machine vision point cloud bin picking

Inspect more of our automotive point clouds and learn how Zivid’s 3D cameras can benefit your application in an automotive assembly use case.

Choose your 3D camera

Now that you have a clear idea of the challenges you are facing in your industry, it is time to choose your 3D camera. Of course, we are partial here and will tell you to trust Zivid for the job. But as it is your choice and yours only, here are some tips for comparing different sensors and choosing accordingly.

Compare point clouds

A 3D point cloud is the digital representation of our reality produced by a vision sensor. It's this point cloud that your system must use as input when calculating how to perform changes in the real world. We have shown before some point clouds we took in different use cases. One way for you to evaluate sensors is to compare point clouds of the same scene. For example, here is a comparison of a scene captured with a stereo vision camera vs. a Zivid camera:

3D point cloud objects automation

Compare technical specifications

3D cameras have various features. You need one that works well with the type of parts and robot you are working with. Depending on your application, you might need a sensor with a specific operating distance, accuracy, spatial resolution, etc. Here is, for example, a comparison of our two latest cameras, the Zivid Two M70 and L100.

Zivid Two M70

Zivid Two L100

Applications

Key applications: Robot Guiding, Assembly, Mobile inspection

Works well with
Small to medium-sized objects
Shorter grippers and End-of-Arm-Tools

Suitable for
On-robot and stationary mounting
Recommended for on-robot mounting

Key applications: Bin picking, machine tending, item picking in logistics

Works well with
Small to medium-sized objects
Longer grippers and End-of-Arm-Tools

Suitable for
On-robot and stationary mounting
Recommended for stationary mounting

General Specs

Structured light 3D technology
Factory calibrated
2.3 MPx
3D and 2D with native color

169 x 122 x 56 mm
945 g

IP65
Water and dust proof

3D HDR
> 15 stops (90 dB) Dynamic Range
80 - 1000 ms capture time²

0 - 40 °C operating temperature
5G shock
15G vibration

Structured light 3D technology
Factory calibrated
2.3 MPx
3D and 2D with native color

169 x 122 x 56 mm
945 g

IP65
Water and dust proo

3D HDR
> 15 stops (90 dB) Dynamic Range
80 - 1000 ms capture time²

0 - 40 °C operating temperature
5G shock
15G vibration

Operation Distance (mm)

Focus distance
700

Optimal working distance³
500 to 1100

Recommended working distance
300 to 1500

Field of view
754 X 449 at 700

Spatial resolution
0.39 at 700

Per distance (z)
5.6 x 10-4

Focus distance
1000

Optimal working distance³
800 to 1400

Recommended working distance
600 to 1600

Field of view
1050 X 620 at 1000

Spatial resolution
0.56 at 1000

Per distance (z)
5.6 x 10-4

Accuracy

Point precision
55 μm 

Planarity trueness
< 160 μm

Dimension trueness error
< 0.2%

Point precision
130 μm

Planarity trueness
< 170 μm

Dimension trueness error
< 0.3%


You can get a full comparison of all our products here.

Dive straight into programming

Here we are, finally. The nerdy, technical stuff you need to start integrating your camera into your system! Here we give you a summary of what we have in our ebook “a beginner's guide to 3D robot vision”.

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The importance of Hand-Eye Calibration

Hand-eye calibration is used to relate what the camera (“eye”) sees to where the robot arm (“hand”) moves. Check out this video where we perform hand-eye:

 

 

Eye-in-hand calibration is a process for determining the relative position and orientation of a robot-mounted camera with respect to the robot’s end-effector. It is usually done by capturing a set of images of a static object of known geometry with the robot arm located in a set of different positions and orientations.

Eye-to-hand calibration is a process for determining the position and orientation of a statically mounted camera with respect to the robot’s base frame. It is usually done by placing an object of known geometry in the robot’s gripper. Followed by taking a series of images of it in a set of different positions and orientations.

At Zivid, hand-eye calibration is super important. We have written a series of tutorials for you to set up your calibration tests. Learn more here.

Code samples to get started

Dive straight into programming your camera with your preferred programming language. We have created a full list of samples, installation walkthrough, and more to program a Zivid camera with C++, C#, Python, HALCON, MATLAB, and ROS.

Want to get the full toolbox to get started with 3D vision? Download our beginner’s guide with tools to successfully use 3D robot vision:

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